Adopted "Established" Tank - Nitrate Spiking Issues

CaddoMoney

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My wife and I adopted and "established" tank/setup just over a month ago. I say "established" because it seemed like it was built up and neglected for a while. We have both had decent sized freshwater aquariums in the past (55 gallons+) and have always wanted to take the plunge into reefs. The opportunity presented itself and we now have a setup that consists of a 30 gallon (the taller variety) main tank with a 20 gallon L refugium. The main tank has a HOB protein skimmer, 425gph powerhead, 2 T5 Bulbs (one 10K and one actinic), a sand bed and 25-30lbs of live rock. The tank feeds into an overflow, down some pvc and goes into the 20 gallon refugium which has a sand bed, live rock, and is about half full of chaeto algae and then is pumped back into the main tank.

When we took ownership of this setup, we were told that the previous owner had put some coral in the tank that died and killed all of the fish (it's unknown how many fish were in it). There was about a 5-6 member cleaner crew, and a skunk shrimp that were (and still are) alive. The tank also had quite a bit of coralline algae growing on the back and the rocks. During the move, about half of the coralline turned white I'm assuming to the tank drain. The sand bed in both tanks seemed a bit dirty and established, once we got everything moved and started back up, we tested the water and everything looked fine. We added a 10 piece cleaner crew and some LPS corals. Since then we've also added two fire fish, a goby, and a small clown fish and a piece of candy cane coral that was from a larger piece that someone was trying to revive.

In the past few weeks, my nitrates have spiked. I've added micro baiter 7, AmQuel, and have done weekly partial water changes. We have 50 gallons total volume, but with the sand and live rock, I really think that we're dealing with 35-40 gallons total. Ammonia and Nitrite has always tested 0 - and all other parameters seem in check. I don't know if this is a case of overfeeding, tank cycling, or something else. I didn't have a light on the refugium until a two days ago and I added a led - the chaeto seems green and fluffy. I don't know how long it's been in there either - it was in the tank when we took it over - as was the sand that's also looking pretty gross. I don't know if I need to throw a sand sifting star or goby in the fugue to eat the detritus or if I should do my next water change out of it and try to get some of it out of there.

Last night, nitrates were about 50ppm, after the 10 gallon water change they were down to 0 (I might have measured before everything fully cycled through tho) and this morning they were about 30ppm.

I'm open to suggestions, and greatly appreciate the help in advance. I just don't know where to go from here. I thought about dosing with vodka, but at this point, I feel like drinking it would do more good ;) I think that about covers all of the details that I can think of - if there's anything that I've left out that might provide some clues to help get it down, please don't hesitate to ask. Thanks again!
 
I would assume that you are going through a cycle caused by the sand being disturbed when you partially drained and moved the tank. You could also have caused the cycle to prolong itself by adding to the bioload while things were adjusting. Water changes and time will help there.

The nasty sand, if it's under 2 inches deep, can be siphoned during water changes or slowly pulled out until your bare bottom (then you can add a substrate of your preference). In either case, do it in sections, about a third at a time, to avoid anymore tank cycles.

Welcome to the salty side of things!
 
Thanks for the feedback - just to clarify - we only drained the tanks about half way during the move and pretty much kept the sand beds intact, but you're right, there was some disturbance - could that have caused it? It seems like we're only missing whatever bacteria reduces the Nitrates, right? Since ammonia and nitrite are all zero. Also, the goby is doing a great job of cleaning the bed, but he's also moving a lot of sand around - could that also be messing with the biofilter? Is there anything that I should do in the meantime to help keep the nitrates low while the biofilter builds back up? Could the chaeto algae that's been in the fugue for who knows how long be part of the issue?

Thanks again for your help - we're really loving the hobby, just need to get over this hump.
 
Hi! Welcome to the high nitrates club! I've been struggling with mine since day one. Here's your membership card. Sign here please.....
 
Im going to chime in with this -Don't - start dosing carbon. What type of hob skimmer are you running? You need a powerful skimmer or you will kill your fish and corals from a depletion of O2. Also you need to be able to pull out all the gunk, otherwise you'll end up with tons of cyanobacteria and be right back in here asking how to get rid of it. You should consider investing a little time and money into your refugium and convert it or build a new sump/refugium with a skimmer in the sump and an ato. Constant water level is very important for any skimmer, and every hob skimmer is trash waiting to get thrown out.

Have you tried basting your rocks? This is a process where you take a turkey baster and blow water through every little hole and then you can siphon out all the nasty rotting stuff that is making your nitrates skyrocket.

What did you say was your clean up crew? Any dead CUC will raise nitates and they can't do the job if they is dead.
 
I would suggest to slowly remove the sand bed and trim some of the cheato or thin it because that will help with nitrate uptake and water changes - Nitrates seem to love my tank :(
 
Sorry everyone, I've been a bit busy on this end and haven't had time to update the thread. First of all, THANK YOU all for the warm welcomes and help. This really is a great hobby and community.

I inherited three different test kits with the tank setup and was testing with just one. I finally got the smart idea to try another kit and BOOM! my nitrates were low. Tested with the third kit and they were somewhere in the middle. So I realized that I have the luck of at least owning two bad test kits. A quick trip to the LFS confirmed it with a new nitrate kit that came in pretty low - still higher than I'd want, but not off the chart.

Per the suggestions above, I removed my big ball of nasty cheato and replaced it with a big fresh ball from the LFS. I also syphoned the top level of sand from my refugium. I'm concerned that doing too much at once will wipe out all of the beneficial bacteria there. I will say that my fugue is now looking great - crystal clear water now and pretty substrate. I'm tempted to put a goby or sand sifting starfish in it to stir up and eat whatever is left, but I don't know if that's a great idea or not. Anyhow, per the questions above...

As far as the protein skimmer goes, it's a Reef Octopus HOB - I can't seem to find the actual model of it and their designs have changed a bit since this one was made, but it looks similar to their $200-ish HOB skimmers. It seems to be doing a great job of keeping the water clear and waste removed. (Aside from the buildup that everything started with). It produces lots of bubbles and pulls gunk into the top that I monitor closely and dump when needed.

I haven't tried basting the rocks, but I did dip them and really shake them around in some salt water to try to get everything out of them as possible. About half of my rocks came from my LFS that I bought after taking ownership of the tank. Theres two big live rocks in the refugium, and about 8-10 in the main tank - I don't remember how many pounds, but it seems like a good amount.

The clean up crew consists of three large turbo snails and about 10-15 smaller ones as well as about 8-10 small crabs. Sorry, I'm posting this from memory, otherwise I'd go and count them in the tank. ;) I also have a goby that loves to sift through the substrate and build/rearrange things as gobys do. There's also three skunk shrimp that seem to be doing a good job as well. I've thought about adding a sand sifting starfish or something else, I just don't want to hurt the few soft corals that I have.

I've continued doing 10-20% weekly water changes, dosing with live bacteria to help out and my nitrates are coming down considerably - they're nearly at the not detectable level again.

Future state, I would like to take the 20 gallon L tank that is the refuigum and segment it off to make a proper sump and replace the skimmer with one that sits in it, I get a litter nervous with the water flowing up and out of the tank with the opportunity to overflow.

Thanks again for everyone's suggestions - it's some great stuff, if there's anything else that I should or shouldn't be doing, please feel free to let me know. I want to keep my critters happy!
 

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