Alkalinity and its importance

Reef Kinetics

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Alkalinity is a measure of the mediums which helps stabilize the water’s pH and keep it far from acidity.

It also protects human health and piping when it comes to drinking water.

Alkalinity is also known as buffer capacity. For example, if we setup two tanks of water, one with zero buffer capacity (zero alkalinity) and the other one with buffering power (50mg/l alkalinity) and we leave those two water to rest, it is more likely that the water with no Alkalinity is going to turn acidic however the alkaline water is going to stay neutral and its acidity is going to be subject to a very very minimal change.

Alkalinity is referred to as the ability of the water to neutralize acidity. This is the buffering capacity of the water.

The alkalinity of natural water is determined by the nature of land, soil and rocks it passes through and present in the water.

The main sources for natural alkalinity are rocks which contain carbonate, bicarbonate, and hydroxide compounds. Borates, silicates, and phosphates also may contribute to alkalinity. Limestone is rich in carbonates, so waters flowing through limestone regions or bedrock containing carbonates generally have high alkalinity - hence good buffering capacity. Conversely, areas rich in granites and some conglomerates and sandstones may have low alkalinity and, therefore, poor buffering capacity.

The presence of calcium carbonate or other compounds such as magnesium carbonate contribute carbonate ions to the buffering system.

Sometimes Alkalinity is referred to as hardness of the water since the main source of alkalinity is rocks.

Alkalinity is very important to aquatic life and livestock since rapid changes of pH cause stress in livestock. Living organism live best in water and aquariums in a pH range between 6.0 to 9.0. Alkalinity in aquariums is measuring how much acid can be added without the water pH changing and causing harm to aquatic life.

Alkalinity is maintained in aquariums by appropriate testing and buffering of the water. The Alkalinity in aquariums must be maintained at a certain level and closely monitored.

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I would have said that the main importance of alkalinity is as a surrogate measure for bicarbonate, which hard corals and other organisms need for calcification.

pH control could be attained in other ways, but a reef tank will fail without appropriate bicarbonate levels.

As an aside, I would quibble a bit with some of the statements above since it is not hard to have a high alkalinity solution that is also acidic. The flow from CaCO3/CO2 reactors often fits this description.
 
I would have said that the main importance of alkalinity is as a surrogate measure for bicarbonate, which hard corals and other organisms need for calcification.

pH control could be attained in other ways, but a reef tank will fail without appropriate bicarbonate levels.

As an aside, I would quibble a bit with some of the statements above since it is not hard to have a high alkalinity solution that is also acidic. The flow from CaCO3/CO2 reactors often fits this description.
Thank you dear Dr. Randy! Your contribution and your opinion mean a lot to us.
 

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