I keep several Australian and Indo-Pacific Tusk over the years. Sometime back I really do research to see if I can reliably ID each sub-species. It is likely, more likely than not IMO, that they will be reclassified as different species in the future.
After looking at fish and pictures of fish that are reliably ID as IndoPacific or Australian, I came up with these differences, that is not depends on shades red on the tail or intensity of color as these can really changes with health of the fish.
1.
The shape of the fish is different. Indo-Pacific are wider, height to lenght ratio is higher in Indo-Pacific than Australian.
2.
Width of the orange band in Indo-Pacific from the orange band 5,6,7 and 8 are thinner in Australina Tusk in comparison to Indo-Pacific Tusks. These
changes, width of the bands exaggerated with age.
3.
Facial marking, there are a lot more black on the face of the Indo-Pacific Tusks in comparison to the Australian Tusk, especially the second bar through the eyes, and the third bar on the gill.
There are a variety of minor color variations, but these cannot be use reliably since they depends on the health of the fish and their mood. The
three characteristics above are independent of health and mood of the fish.
Live Aquaria are masters at taken picture of the animal to show their best, and almost always correctly ID their fish, at least until the latest owner. I am not saying that the current owner do not correctly ID their fish. I just don't have experience with the current ownership of Live Aquaria.
I that was what I used to show the differences that I identify when I do search on this beautiful fish.
Because these differences are more than just minor coloration, I am fairly certain that if any scientist study this species, will find that they are different enough that it is highly unlikely that they interbreed, and should qualify as separate species.
Australian Tusk facial marking.
Indo-Pacific Tusk facial marking
2 Indo-Pacific Tusks
2 Australian Tusks