Both the adapter on Amazon and the one from Home Depot are probably fine. I bought a brass garden hose splitter from Home Depot for my RO/DI and I never even looked to see if it was food-grade. Doesn't really matter since the water is going through an RO/DI system.
As for how often to change the filters, it depends on the filter. The only thing that the final TDS in a RO/DI system tells you is if your DI resin is still good or not. It doesn't tell you anything about when your other filters need to be replaced.
Your prefilters need to be changed every 6 months on a schedule. The point of prefilters is to protect your RO membrane, so you really should not slack on replacing these. RO membranes will last a very, very long time if well-maintained (my last Dow lasted 10 years). If you want to replace the prefilters more intelligently, you can. The sediment filter needs to be replaced when you see a significant change in pressure before and after the prefilters. You'll need a pressure gauge before and after the prefilters to measure pressure. If changing the prefilter doesn't fix the problem, you need to change your carbon block(s) too. Consider using a smaller sediment filter next time, because that means particulate matter got through and plugged your carbon block(s).
Your carbon block(s) need to be replaced when they can no longer remove chlorine/chloramines from the water. To test this, get some chlorine/chloramine test strips from BRS. Test the waste water coming out of the RO membrane. If there is any chlorine, you need to replace the carbon block(s) as soon as possible.
Your RO membrane only needs to be replaced every few years (provided you protect it well and don't have very high-TDS water). To tell if your RO membrane needs to be replaced, test the TDS of the water coming out of your membrane BEFORE the DI stage. Then, test the TDS coming out of your tap. Divide the post-membrane reading by the tap reading. RO membranes should remove 96% or more of dissolved solids from water. So, if the number your calculator spits out is any higher than 0.05, your RO membrane likely needs to be replaced.
The DI resin was covered above, replace that when the color changes completely or when the TDS reads above zero.