PVC cleaner, primer, cement, ABS to PVC cement and all the other chemicals created for bonding various plastics to each other are created for a reason. The reason is to create a lasting bond that does not fail. So it is very important that you make the right decision when using bonding chemicals, because you need to use the right chemical for each specific application or you run the risk of failure.
So, yes you should have used primer, yes you should have used ABS to PVC cement and yes you should have used a cleaner. Have others had success not using the right chemical when bonding materials? Yes, I am sure they have. Did they do it correctly. No they did not! Even if it has held for a decade, they still did it wrong.
As for your question whether your connection will hold, it certainly may. Is it worth the risk in my opinion? No it is not! My suggestion, which, like my comments will most likely get a negative response, is to start over and do it right so that there is no doubt. Buy new bulkheads and fittings, buy the right cleaner, primer and cement and do it right.