I agree with balancing the bubble vs effluent so that the solenoid rarely clicks on or off. If you balance it, if it fails in the open position, its not that big of deal because you wont flood the reactor with co2.
As for the effluent rate, that is a never ending battle if your using a powerhead. For years I used a mj power head, fitted with the air intake used for fresh water tanks. there is some theory about too much back pressure causes the mj to be inconsistant. so the air fitting allows pressure to blow off. whatever, it worked for years with that fitting and a decent needle valve on the output to adjust. In general, the faster the drip rate, the more consistent it will be, less chance of slowing down and clogging.
However, "working" still meant I had to adjust it every couple of day. after a while you do it so much, you can just eye ball it and get close.
I eventually spent some big money and purchased a cole/parmer adjustable peristalic pump. This set up is rock solid, its a medical dosing pump. but thats a few hundred additional dollars.
cheaper peristalic pumps can be used, but most dont last long running 24/7