I've installed acrylic/plexiglass baffles into many glass aquariums.
I always use ASI aquarium sealant. It's 100% silicone with no additives. $11 for a 10oz tube. Amazon.
I always use minimum 3/16" acrylic and prefer 1/4" thickness.
I'm pretty particular about how I assemble things. My method has always been to cut the baffles 1/8" narrow (1/16" each side) , to allow for expansion and to allow for silicone to fit between the baffles and the glass. I notch the bottom corners at an angle to allow the baffles to clear the existing silicone in the tank. Then mask off the 3 sides that will have silicone attached, leaving 1/2" where the silicone will be applied. Grab a dremel/rotary tool and a 1/2" sanding drum. Run the dremel on LOW speed and scuff all 3 edges (both sides... front and back) where the silicone will touch the baffle. This gives the silicone some ridges and roughness to grab onto and adhere too. Remove masking tape.
Clean with soap and water to remove sanding dust AND any residual oil or film from the manufacturing process. Dry thoroughly with paper towels, then use a hair dryer to be sure it's completely dry. I blast it with the hairdryer until its warm all around the edges where the silicone will be applied. It's dry now. Let it cool to room temperature.
I caulk both sides of each panel. Use your favorite tool or finger to squish the silicone in tightly and form a radius. I prefer a cheap plastic spoon.
Clean up with isopropyl alcohol (91%) and paper towels. Let it cure for at least 2 or 3 days.