You recharge them when the refrigerant is low. Its a sealed system and should never leak out - so ideally never. I had them go decades without recharge.
If the unit is low on refrigerant it will not cool effectively - if it is out it will not cool at all.
fill a 5 gallon bucket with cold water - below room temperature. Run this colder than room temp water through the running chiller (set the chiller temp colder than the water.) Watch the water temp. A 1/10 hp should easily take 5 gallons down a few degrees in a very short time. If it does not, and the compressor is running, I suspect the fan first (most common) then the refrigerant.
You might want to recharge the refrigerant yourself - but I'd advise getting the system vacuumed, recharged and sealed by someone with the right equipment. It should never leak.