Glass filler (not sure what specifically you're referring to) will not do anything to the strength of the effected glass pane. The risk you run are if there are any sharp stress risers present that might compromise the uniform load of the pane while the glass is under load. As the glass pane deflects/bows from internal water applying outward pressure, if that deflection reaches a crack, that's when things get messy. Now is there a crack/stress riser in there? I can't really tell tbh. Not sure anyone could with the fractured glass portion still covering things up.
EDIT: It looked to me the "chips" were still in there at first but now I see your finger in there. If its a clean brake away and all the cracking has terminated, you're only left worrying about if the existing silicone bond thickness is enough to keep it together.