Cyanobacteria, first and for most. Do not buy anything for this. It just takes a little elbow grease and about a week. I had taken a tank over for somebody about 3 weeks ago and it had a very bad case of Cyanobacteria! Covered the sand in layers and just about all of the LR. I noticed that the flow wasn't all that great in the tank and with the powerhead that was in the tank was under powered and pointing in the wrong direction. I had a lot of mistrials with getting rid of it. I tried everything from using my hand to stiring it up. After finding out how to properly remove it. Do not! Don't not stir it up! And do not let it break in peices! First thing. Turn off all flow. Second thing, use baister (cooking baister) slow start sucking in up and discard as much as possibly from sand and LR. Immediately after I removed as much as I can, I noticed small particles of it floating all around the tank. I did a 30% water change! After water change I added a extra powerhead that was primarily shooting low across the sand with out totally making a sand storm, and the other rotating it high across my tank. I then only removed a few spots on the sand a few days after that ( first turning off flow) made it a lot eaiser. I have zero sign of Cyanobacteria. I know there is a lot of stories out there on why and how but I try and simplify things. I did a test in my jbj 6 gallon, I had cycled sand and I dropped a dime size black nasty Cyanobacteria into the tank with no flow and ran my lighting 10 hours a day. Within 24 hrs it had doubled in size. I then tore it in half and made it about dime size again. Turned the flow on and over 5 days there was not added size it still remained dime size. I went for a second round with the flow off and as I figured it had doubled in size. Flow has a huge part in any type of Cyanobacteria. Thanks and good luck!