I have had Rhodactis both attach in a few hours and I've had some that would never do it, I think they attach faster if they have porous materials to attach to and if they are being held to the surface, like by water flow or something.
Best of luck!
They definitely don't need a porous/coarse material. I had some mushrooms growing on the tank glass at one point due to overpopulation...
Getting them to reattach is a bigger issue. Your best bet would be to put them in a very low flow, rubble/frag plug filled container and hope for the best...
Some coral use the presence of coralline algae when the select a site for settlement. Not sure how that impacts mushrooms but whenever I have tried to make them stick they resisted?