@speedstar and others, I'm working on getting an answer to this for certain from ESV, but I would have to guess that, like others above have said, someone messed up and put the label in the wrong spot. The label you have on the side on the calcium jug looks like the one they usually use on the top, which would then put the fill line about the same place as the alk. They should be diluted to make up the same amount of solution. I'm not aware off them making any changes to the dosing being proportional.
The other part of your question others have answered. Because of how concentrated the alk is, if it gets cold, such as during shipping, the alk can crystallize and form a solid (temporarily). You can add the RO/DI, and then put the whole thing in a sink or bucket of the hottest water you can, and occasionally shake it up to mix. This will eventually dissolve the solids back into solution and you can use as normally without any concern.
