Just a thought, but consider the natural marine environment where one finds a lot of macro algae; tidal zones, surge areas & surf breaks. I personally wonder if the low flow approach to refugiums was not more for the sake of the micro-fauna as opposed to the alga itself, and a desire not to "blow out" creatures and/or mud. It is possible to have a more turbulent refugium, yet with relatively low "flow" or throughput. What may be difficult, or at least subjective, is discerning the advantages and disadvantages associated with different degrees of turbulence compared to flow through. In my own ignorance and inexperience, my own goal is slow throughput and higher turbulence. Thus, I think the addition of a power head can be beneficial in some setups.