I personally wouldn't risk it... it is just a bucket... but I'd mark it clearly somehow so I didn't do it again. I also prefer to keep my QT equipment in a separate room to prevent cross contamination
A thourough cleaning with vinegar or bleach, a good scrub and let it dry completely and you should be fine to use either the bucket or the pump in the future. Of course, if the water was only in there for 10 minutes then the other problem of the bucket absorbing some of the copper, should be minimal.