In this case, there is something that was added to the tank, either knowingly or unknowingly.
If now livestock have been added recently, no power outages, it is something that affects fish more than corals, the fish that survied are super hardy(damsel), or produce a thicker slime coat(clowns, mandarin), or bury in the sand. The qualities of the surviving fish makes it seem likely that it is an external parasite.
External parasites that kill this quickly include marine velvet and brooklynella. As long as fish are present they can reside in a tank, and in some cases go unnoticed. Once a big enough stressor comes along fish are in a position to be vulnerable to these existing parasites. Even if all the fish go through qt, if a coral or invert is introduced w/o qt the fish are now vulnerable. Even cross contamination between tanks can introduce pathogens.
Rancid food can be such a contaminant. If it has been refrozen, it can easily go unnoticed, even if quickly poured in the next day, it may not be noticed how rank it has become.
The food itself is not the source of the pathogen, but rather the trigger that makes the fish vulnerable.