I don't worry about stains, or getting them perfectly clean. When they over flow I remove them, spray them out with a hose in the back yard. I use a narrow brass nozzle to get as forceful a stream as possible, and then just reinstall them. In the winter, if and when it gets too cold on my hands, I just quit using the socks altogether.
The idea of residual detergent or bleach is simply not worth the risk. There's no advantage whatsoever in cleanliness or nitrates in bright white filter socks.