My fish definitely recognize when I'm carrying something.
I have two bicolor angels in a fowlr dedicated to them. The tank is right next to my desk.
If I come in the room with a banana, they absolutely freak out. They get so scared, I avoid bringing a banana in the room. It must be the yellow color and size / shape, but bananas give them an unmistakable full on life threatened panic.
They are also scared of my brushed aluminum laptop, though it's not nearly as extreme as their fear of bananas.
They seem to recognize my food containers, since they queue up for feeding when I come with the food containers in hand.
The obvious reactions to colors I guess could be explained, and may not be the same as recognition, but my wife rarely enters the room and in both my tanks, the fish act differently during her rare visits than when it's just me, since I'm there ever day all day working. Same thing other visitors.
I don't think they have a concept of water, tank, keeper, etc., so recognizing our major role in their lives- no way. Do they know they are alive and will one day die? Presumably not. So keeper? They aren't thinking. They may signal each other as mates, but they clearly don't have language. But they recognize my blob of a body that feeds them versus other objects, and they do pseudo "beg"- i.e. come and stare at me, go up to feeding ring, stare again, etc. But this seems a much more primitive behavior than a dog (say). It seems more like trying to ascertain if food will appear, because they associate me with food. Whereas a dog clearly knows we're feeding them- gimmie more now kind of thing.