I took another read of this entire thread and had a few ideas/conclusions. I'm sure not all agree but from what I can tell:
1) In the end, no human, parent or whatever would argue that improving the bio diversity or air quality of the planet is a bad idea. I mean we spend an enourmous amount of time on our tanks doing just this. It all boils down to 'why should I suffer more than the other guy. Or why should I reduce my quality of life when the other guy just moves his cars to the second level of his garage to avoid flooding)
2) So it boils down to a few things.:
a) Who is going to pay for it
b) What does it mean for 'my' quality of life
c) Some corner cases where someone will miss the V8 sound, running longer between refuels of their jetski's, feel that 100" OLED screens are a must have. This category I will ingore as it's stupid in the grand scheme of things. And given what is happening is no joke, it seems totally fair that if you insist those are required for you and your family, you pay to compensate for it. What I do acknolwdge is that what means a lot to others (lets say 100" OLED screens), may not mean a lot to me but that goes the other way around too (energy hungry reef tanks).
In my opinion it's obvious that the poorest people (and this differs per country what that means) are not the ones who should pay for this. In the end we want to _reduce_ the difference between rich and poor. I'm not saying we should force it to be equal (I am a capitalist after all), but I think most can agree, that in some very wealthy countries, it has gotten out of hand in an unfair way. Obviously the taxation system has to be setup so it is the people who can afford it, are those that do the majority of the heavy lifting. Thats a given. And I can tell you if you're poor, you don't give a dang about going to Mars or colonize the moon. You have enough problems already.
For the people living in rural areas. Would it be acceptable if the system was setup that you got the biggest incentives meaning going carbon neutral would not cost you more (it may provide a few other cons and pros but that will be different for each individual).
If so, just elect the policitians that support this. Thats what we did in many EU countries.