Yes, marine pure blocks (or other similar media) can serve as replacements for live rock and sand in terms of housing beneficial bacteria. I have used them for years. You can place them somewhere in your sump and bacteria will colonize the media. I've used them in passive flow areas in my sump and as thin plates in my baffle area where water is actively forced through them. I think the media has been helpful in maintaining nitrates at a fairly low level, but I did not notice any benefit of one placement over another. I have ran multiple Triton tests and can attest to the blocks causing an increase in aluminum. I have seen no negative effects on corals or livestock, though. Also, my aluminum levels while elevated have stayed at the same consistent level for 2+ years that I've done my Triton tests, which leads me to believe that the blocks seem to reach an equilibrium level and don't continually leach aluminum forever (or perhaps my water change schedule is perfectly matching the increases, which I doubt is the case). My nitrates stay around 10 ppm, but this just seems to be the "natural" level my tank wants to run at. I did use marine pure blocks on a previous tank that was consistently at 40 ppm nitrates beforehand. I believe the marine pure blocks helped bring down to around 5 ppm nitrates. I can't be 100% certain it was the marine pure blocks but this is just my anecdotal experiences with them.
As far as live rock, just use the amount of rock you need to achieve your desired aquascape. For your sand depth, deep enough for any sand loving creatures like wrasses that may bury at night when they sleep , sand sifting gobies, or certain corals that like to sit on sand for instance. If you want sand just because you like the way it looks, then you may not need that much. In general, I think 1 to 1.5 inches is a pretty good depth, as it's not too deep, so it's easier to keep clean.
No need to buy extra rock or sand thinking it will have some large additional biological benefit. Spend that extra money elsewhere, like a quality skimmer, better powerheads, return pump, or so on.