Any filter sources (pads, socks, etc have the ability to store nitrates and release them when clogged. Clean filters regularly and instead of carbon, try a pouch of Chemipure elite which will bring down nitrates and keep them in check
Main causes of sudden nitrates generally are :
- The aquarium is too young for the livestock within it
- Overstocked. Too many fish
- Not enough Live Rock/Live Sand/Beneficial Bacteria habitat
- Overfeeding
- Little or no water changes
- Small water change volumes
- Too much detritus
- No protein skimmer or protein skimmer is too small
- False readings especially with API test kits