A cycle is completed only by the action of ammonia not trite or trate, an opposite claim to last twenty years of aquarium cycling. Not by rule, but by eliminating unneeded tests where time frames rule over any testing errors that extend cycles past known timelines
After amm/0/24 hrs is verified the causes for nitrates remaining are no binding by plants or export, bacterial denitrification (not as mass harvesting) isn't factored because it can't be repeatably harnessed or none of us would require anything but, and if you harness it great job but don't plan on natural denitrification. Nitrate origination points in your tank are the same origination points for ammonia, interestingly. Carbon dosing is common for nitrate export.
Urine breaking down into nitrate primarily, feed breaking down, waste and detritus breaking down, a protein precedes ammonia and nitrate and a digestive action converts them