You are suggesting it is a mechanical particulate filter? I'm not suggesting that. I don't think it would be especially effective or easy to clean, etc. if that was the intent. If you are looking for particulate filters, I don't see any advantage of it over something like a filter sock.
When I look back at my posts from 17 years ago, it is barley straw that was mentioned a few times, not pellets. Anyway, it is suggested to work in freshwater aquarium by breaking down chemically and releasing compounds that are claimed to hurt algae, as well as possibly binding some trace elements such as copper. I do not know if those folks know what they are talking about, and I would not recommend addition of those organics even if it was true, but this is what one site says:
Barley Straw Natural Pond Algae Control for sale AzGardens.com 5-Star ***** quality since 1987 Fish & Aquatic plants Shipped to your door
azgardens.com
"The barley, as it decomposes, slowly releases hydrogen peroxide and humic acid into the water at levels that are toxic to algae. This process begins around the 29th day of the barley soaking in your pond, so consider this time requirement when it’s time to add a new bundle. "
All organics that are used for organic carbon dosing, tend to produce CO2 when they are consumed and that tends to lower pH. Vinegar (compared, to, say, vodka, just lowers it more when first added and less later when metabolized.