Bacteria consumes a lot of Nitrates, some carbon and some phosphates.
So as long as all 3 are available - bacteria will multiply.
Now, on new tanks you can go a long way without Carbon being the limiting factor, so that leaves us with only 2 - Nitrates and Phosphates.
Since Ammonia turns into Nitrites and than Nitrates and all are reading zero - there’s a good possibility that it got consumed.
But for this to happen - you need at least some phosphates in the system.
Once phosphate bottoms up however, the bacteria wouldn’t be able to reproduce anymore and thus wouldn’t consume Nitrate either, which would then lead to its accumulation in the system and result in a measurable amount you can test for.