One thing I always found handy for looking at shadowing is the surface area of the reflectors. I have found this to hold true across lighting types. Now this isn’t the same as coverage which can vary quite a bit.
Look at the total area of the reflectors or optics on a fixture. Corals under this area will have the best protection from shading possible in our tanks. That is. 20” by 20” MH reflector (count the reflector, not metal past it, if any) will have minimal shading under 400 square inch area. The coverage is greater, but unless light reflects off the glass (or there is another fixture) anything outside that 20x20 will have some degree of shading. T5 is such a beast because the total reflector area of a 8 bulb is huge. Many are the length of the tank and reflectors can be 17” wide. Some less as I don’t count the metal around it. But anything under that footprint will have minimal shading but anything outside will have some - again unless close enough to glass for reflection. A 20x8 MH pendent same story and so on.
Now look at many leds. The kessil reflector area is around a 2” circle. Radion has two larger circles around 3” I think with a bit of space between them so you get 9x3 area. Not much compared to the other tech. Plenty of power and coverage, but that surface area is tough for shading. So then you start using multiple fixtures to increase that area and that can work well, particularly if up high for larger coverage and overlap. This is more similar to expanding the surface area of a single fixture although the areas between fixture can still shadow a bit. The new diffusers appear to increase the surface area of the light and are great.
So the orphek is 24x9. The leds don’t go to the edge, but the acrylic and optics do and emit light so the entire fixture surface area footprint is solid - which fits as I find it similar to 4bulb t5 with similar reflector surface area (or an MH reflector if it was 24x9 and some are larger or smaller).
Just some observations I have seen over the years. Not of course a hard rule, but I think it’s pretty solid and appears to hold up.