Even though the largest percentage of salt in the sea is sodium chloride, the presence of other significant ions such as magnesium and calcium in NSW results in a different refractive index to that of brine. A standard (brine) refractometer will therefore not give the correct salinity for NSW and a conversion factor must be applied.*For example, a 35 ppt (parts per thousand) solution of NSW has the same refractive index as a 36.5 ppt solution of brine. When using a brine refractometer, an aquarium hobbyist should therefore look for a reading of 36.5 ppt when trying to achieve a reading of 35 ppt for NSW.*