Since this was listed as a poll, the op asked what schedule & why.
Why does a refugium need to be photosynthetic? I understood refugium to be a
”refuge from predators”
First, I think pH fluctuation as being a bad thing in our reef tanks is overblown & incorrect, in most cases. Healthy wild reefs pH fluctuate from 8.2 - 7.8. I actually encourage pH swings with a cryptic refugium. In the depths of display tank sandbeds, low pH performs passive alkalinity bufferring & trace mineral addittion by dissolving aroggonite.
Second, in addittion to maximizing diversity of micro inverts, cryptic refugiums proliferate cryptic sponges which complete biofiltration of all DOC at a removal rate
5 fold more efficiently than activated carbon which is 8 fold more efficient at removing DOC than protein skimmers.
for unlit refugiums is in addittion to maximizing biodiversity