To me, "true research" is the scientific method applied to test a hypothesis, the results of which are reviewed by peers before presentation to others.
Over my career though, I've been prone to doing more "gray research" - where I set up a quick informal study to test a hypothesis, get results, and then never take it the next step for peer review as that is too difficult/time consuming. While that technique gets me answers quickly and easily, I then have difficulty presenting that information to others without being able to "prove it".
Funny thing - for over a decade, my own experience had shown me that activated carbon causes HLLE. I could never get much traction with that idea, and was branded a bit of a heretic. I decided to run a formal study, and the hypothesis was supported, a second study by Disney got the same results. Trouble is, it took people a long time to come around to this idea, since their own "research" on the internet and in books told them that wasn't true (grin).
Jay