So at least as far as I know, my unit doesn't seem to have a way to do that? I may just be being a little slow here admittedly though, so I could definitely be wrong.
Is there a recommended general timeframe for each respective chamber to be replaced? Keeping in mind I only produce ~15 gal a week of purified water (though it does take quite awhile to fill up due to living in an elevated apartment so maybe it goes through more water than is typical)
It all depends on your source water. the poorer your source water, the quicker your filters will need replacing.
Generally, your sendiment and carbon filters should be replaced most often. Your RO membrane should last a few years provided you take care of it. How long your DI lasts will depend on how good/bad your source water is and how good/bad your RO membrane is working. The more TDS that enters your DI stage, the faster it will deplete.
Some people change their sediment filter and carbon filter every 6 months, others do it yearly. others need to do it every 3 months... it really depends on quite a few factors.
Your RO membrane should reject about 98% of your total TDS if it is working properly. Your DI stage should remove the last few TDS that make it through your membrane.
People have TDS meters to read the TDS of the water. You can buy in-line meters that you can install in your RO/DI system, or you can get a hand held TDS meter and check the water with that.
My RO/DI system has triple in-line meters and I use a hand held checker for spot checking things.
1st meter is on the incoming source water, so I know the TDS of the unfiltered water.
2nd meter is on the output of my RO membrane, so I know how many TDS the RO membrane removed.
3rd meter is after my DI stage, so I know that my DI stage has removed all remaining TDS.
By knowing the source TDS and what it is coming out of the RO membrane, I can tell what % of TDS the membrane is removing.... as long as its around 98% or so the RO membrane is working good and I'm happy.
When I see anything other than 0 TDS coming out of the DI stage, I change my DI resin.