Correct. Any material to be removed by carbon will have to leach from the rock into the water. Precisely how long this will take depends greatly on the compound, though if the compound has any solubility in water at all, it will eventually leach out.
No. Specific formulations are manufacturer-dependent. My comment was based on the common constituents of lemon-scented household items and the common detergents and emulsifiers that are put into household bleach formulations. But in the end, it isn't possible to know for certainty without an actual analysis of the specific product.
If it were my tank, I wouldn't have bleached it in the first place, because while bleach is effective at oxidizing general organics, it's just not necessary if you're going to acid-wash the rock. And that's precisely what I would've done - I would've acid-washed the rock with 0.1N hydrochloric acid, followed by a thorough rinse, followed by a 2-3 week soak in RODI with changes every 2 or 3 days.