reference:
The clear tube on the left is the return line.
1 is the hob siphon
2 is the water trap
3 is where the water overflows to 4
4 is the drain
5 is an airline tubing that goes to the return pump to suck out any air in the siphon 1
6 is the trap (2) primer.
5 on the later designs were just hooked to a venturi on the powerheads to suck out air in the siphons.
On the return lines I "teed" the returns to the actual return lines and the prime lines. By adjusting valves I could have all the return go to either the actual return lines or the trap prime lines.
So on start up I would adjust the valves so that all the pumped water was directed to the prime line. I could even block the drain(4) at the sump and use the prime lines to fill the tank from the sump. I then adjust the valves to almost all the pumped water goes to the return and remove the block. At that point tank water would start draining to the sump.
I would leave a trickle of water going to the prime to insure the water trap always had water.
Above the drain there is a small air bleed hole to allow air to enter and prevent siphon at 3.
I think I used 1" or maybe 1 1/4" pvc on this and as pictured the tank has a mag5 pumping against a 4' head. This was quiet.
The other designs uses 2" pvc at the center with adapters. I also used sanitary tees at the center because the tees had a rounded path vrs the square tees. There was a water rushing sound with the larger square tees as the water crashed against the pvc sides.
I learned a lot by using the test setup and recommend doing that before building on the tank.
One final design consideration. The bottom of the water trap (2) might better go all the way down to below the tank bottom next to the tank stand. That way the trap could "fixed" to the stand using hose clamps.
You could also run the in tank pvcs back up to do a surface skimming function.
I seem to be proned to initially positioning the overflow area higher then it runs at. Plan for the tank water level to be at 1/2-3/4's the diameter of the horizontal section.
Let me know if you need a better description. One thing I do at home depot is lay out the parts in the cart to see how they will all go together.
my .02