In the second photo, where the polyps look like they're rotting, the damage you see is what a polyp looks like after an asterina has been sitting on top and digesting it. I'm not suggesting that all of them do it as I'm sure there are at least a dozen species of "asterina" that only graze on the film on the glass but having seen this in my own tank, lots, I am familiar with what that damage looks like. If you can, isolate the colonies that are being effected in an area that the stars won't be able to get to or turkey baster the stars off of them any time you see them even 7 inches away from the colonies and perhaps that'll give you a better idea if it's just starfish damage or if there's something more sinister at work. When I removed the stars from the area my colonies started to grow back.