This won't be a popular answer, but panic is not a bad idea. If stuff is starting to look bad, then damage might be done. Especially as you get pieces that are harder to keep and need more stability, you have to keep them from ever getting to where they look bad. Unfortunately for some, losing a piece is the first sign that something is off.
Alk and calcium nearly every day unless you have a calcium reactor and then once or twice a week is good, but you have to glance at the effluent and bubble rate instead. Salinity at least once a week. Temp checked with something with mercury in it at least once a week. Never trust a pH probe without a handheld pen or monitor on hand (much more reliable). Have RODI and freshly mixed salt on hand just in case.
Water changes perhaps are the best thing that people can do if they just cannot pinpoint when something is off. I would rather buy a box if IO and change 176 gallons of water than send out an ICP test which will bring back several false flags and doesn't get lots of important things anyway.
Some like to journal their changes and stuff. I especially recommend this if you use a new medication, chemical and treatment or mess with your lights.