Are Natural Systems Smart

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@ReeferReefer

As a Marine Engineer, geology & oceanography were my two favorite subjects.

Those areas serve me well because I want to know where I come from and how I interact with the rest of the world.
I think reef keeping is a natural fit for scientists.

I apologize if I came off as rude during our conversation. As mentioned I was raised as a creationist, only to re evaluate as I was exposed to more information. That might explain my passion for the topic.

They say the most militant atheists are the ones raised in the church.
 
You seem to have taken everything I’ve said out of context and just reworded your own version of my words.

And genera are where we as humans place a group of animals that are most closely related.. you seem to be saying that genera are boundaries that evolution has not crossed well that’s just flat out wrong.

Look and Centropyge and Paracentropyge and tell me how different you think they are?? Humans have classified them in different genera based on tiny details. Look at all of the basletts and anthias genera and tell me are they so different they could not have evolved and crossed genera during evolution? They have. It’s just that for our cataloguing convenience we place them into named genera.

I guess I need to simplify the terms for you in language you understand. There is no evidence today or in the past of a cross between a pigeon and a dog. A cross between a bird and snake. Or a cat turning into a turtle. There is no evidence to support such claims period. No Frog tadpoles have developed into Beavers and started to build a lodge. Fact, not assumption or speculation...fact. The incompatibility of the Genome prevents such from being possible. Even a Mule (a cross between a horse and donkey) is sterile and has never been able to procreate. This is an incontrovertible fact and even though centuries of crosses have occurred not one Mule has been born of a Mule. A Mule has never been able to throw an offspring period. Now in the case of two animals being similar like a horse and donkey what does that say about natural selection outside of the relative close proximity of the Genome responsible for horses and donkeys. Think man don't let other so called authorities think for you. There is plenty of recent evidence to debunk a single cell becoming one day a fish and the next several generations becoming a T-Rex. It may be possible in the future through gene splicing but that is another horror show all together. That is not natural selection but manipulation by outside forces.

I also noticed you mentioned two species that are closely related so much so that science only recently made two classifications. They are not separate Genera but species. Try crossing a baboon with a person...oh yeah that was already attempted and it failed in a heart transplant due to incompatibility and tissue rejection (Baby Faye). No one has dared to try it again due to the legal, moral, ethical challenges, and science involved. This one case is one scientific proof that a cross between Genera is not possible today with all our medical science not to mention the absence of such in the past. Some hurdles nature cannot accomplish and this is just one example from recent history.

So no matter where you look you will never find one case of an animal crossing the Genome boundary in natural selection. That is a fact no matter how many bones are mixed together to make a fossil.
 
I guess I need to simplify the terms for you in language you understand. There is no evidence today or in the past of a cross between a pigeon and a dog. A cross between a bird and snake. Or a cat turning into a turtle. There is no evidence to support such claims period. No Frog tadpoles have developed into Beavers and started to build a lodge. Fact, not assumption or speculation...fact. The incompatibility of the Genome prevents such from being possible. Even a Mule (a cross between a horse and donkey) is sterile and has never been able to procreate. This is an incontrovertible fact and even though centuries of crosses have occurred not one Mule has been born of a Mule. A Mule has never been able to throw an offspring period. Now in the case of two animals being similar like a horse and donkey what does that say about natural selection outside of the relative close proximity of the Genome responsible for horses and donkeys. Think man don't let other so called authorities think for you. There is plenty of recent evidence to debunk a single cell becoming one day a fish and the next several generations becoming a T-Rex. It may be possible in the future through gene splicing but that is another horror show all together. That is not natural selection but manipulation by outside forces.

I also noticed you mentioned two species that are closely related so much so that science only recently made two classifications. They are not separate Genera but species. Try crossing a baboon with a person...oh yeah that was already attempted and it failed in a heart transplant due to incompatibility and tissue rejection (Baby Faye). No one has dared to try it again due to the legal, moral, ethical challenges, and science involved. This one case is one scientific proof that a cross between Genera is not possible today with all our medical science not to mention the absence of such in the past. Some hurdles nature cannot accomplish and this is just one example from recent history.

So no matter where you look you will never find one case of an animal crossing the Genome boundary in natural selection. That is a fact no matter how many bones are mixed together to make a fossil.

The reason you are confused is because you are not understanding the principle mechanisms of evolution. No one is suggesting that hybridization is a primary mechanism in evolutionary mutation. No one is suggesting that there was ever a transition between a dog and bird. We do have transitional species between dinosaurs and birds though (as well as countless other examples of transitional species).

I highly recommend the book "Punctuated Equilibrium" by Stephen Jay Gould (or you could just read his 1972 paper). Evolutionary changes are not actually always gradual. In fact the fossil record actually shows that once a species appears in the fossil record, the population tends to stabilize, showing little change over time (what we refer to as evolutionary stasis). These stasis periods are 'punctuated' by rare and rapid branching specialization known as cladogenesis, meaning a the species splits into two (not just one turning into the other).

What you are thinking of is known as phyletic gradualism, which is what the earliest evolutionary scientists thought happened. As you mentioned, phyletic gradualism is not seen in the fossil record as periods of statis dominate.

Punctuated equilibrium is commonly accepted today but the mechanisms of it are still a topic of debate and research.

With all that said, there are many cases in the fossil record that show transitional species. One of the most notable examples being the evolution of whales. It's an example we often use in introductory classes.

https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evograms_03
 
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I respect that. Obviously science does not disprove the divine. I do feel that it does disprove some of the specific dogma that religious fundamentalists seem to hold onto in regards a literal interpretation of Genesis. Not that my opinion should affect your religious freedom.

And yes, I am sorry if my margin of error was too high for some. As a Geologist it seemed an acceptable margin of error given the time scale.

Let’s reverse that point of view of “science does not disprove the divine”. If archaeology is a science, then science is proving events in the Bible.

I respect that you respect that.

Be certain that your opinion does not effect me or my religious freedom.
Viva la difference.

I think reef keeping is a natural fit for scientists.

I apologize if I came off as rude during our conversation. As mentioned I was raised as a creationist, only to re evaluate as I was exposed to more information. That might explain my passion for the topic.

They say the most militant atheists are the ones raised in the church.

Interesting about militant atheist. In the Bible, Paul was a member of the strictest religious order of the Jewish religion. Paul, persecuted New Testament Christians until he made the opposite change as you. You converted out of organized religion into atheism and Paul converted out of organized religion into Christianity.

https://www.amazon.com/Evolution-Creationist-Laymans-Conflict-Evolutionary/dp/0964366509

Jobe Martin was a personal dentist for Bill Clinton and an outspoken atheist that enjoyed the platform of flying on Air Force 1. Baylor University hired Job Martin into their Theology Department to teach atheism as a comparative religion. During those classes, two students challenged his thesis and a three year exchange ensued between the two students and the professor. In the fourth year at Baylor, Job Martin became a Christian and wrote the above book. I have read more than one book on this subject. As a scientist, Jobe Martin has a sense of humor in his writing style that is enjoyable. He attributed God with a sense of humor, “who would put stripes on a horse and call it a zebra”.

The central theme of “The Evolution of a Creationist” is summed up by Jobe Martin with this sentence:

“If you don’t believe in Creation, then by logic you believe that

Nothing, Plus No One, Equals Everything, which is the wisdom of a fool.”
 
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@ReeferReefer

"They say the most militant atheists are the ones raised in the church."

I understand your last comment and would like to suggest the reason is that neither one of us believes in the God often depicted as genocidal and angry at humanity in general. God has been misrepresented by many throughout the whole of recorded civilization. There is plenty of evidence for what I just said but some in organized religion would love to label it heresy. :eek:

I believe the micro systems we maintain teach us something about the depth of understanding it must take to design larger ecosystems.
 
@Jase4224 "Also as for the incomplete skeleton, if you have studied thousands of skeletons from hundreds of species then it is ok to make educated assumptions on how the rest of a creature may look based on 10% of its skeleton because nature tends to repeat itself. Of course even any given creature may have features we are unaware of but we do understand that when we draw an entire creature from a small amount of physical evidence that we are comparing what we have previously seen to be true."

Number one we agree that there are very few complete skeletons to study in the fossil record...fact. Number two nature repeats itself on this we agree. But nature does not cross the Genera boundary. That is where a huge hole is in the single origin ancestry theory.

There are parts of skeletons that is all we can agree to. What they belonged to is in question due to the lack of complete skeletons. Even Paleontologist agree on this point. So it becomes a guess at best. I agree with you on that. Try that on you next space trip to the moon...a guess at best...you want to experience space travel or flight in our atmosphere based on a best guess? I would prefer science in that endeavor how about you? Let's just be honest and say we have less than 10% of the animal and it may or may not look this way.

So now educated assumptions are settled science? Is that what you are trying to get me to believe? Then you are trying to talk me into having faith in your understanding of how the animal looked or behaved based on less than 10% of the evidence. Seems more like religion than what you want to call science. Let's be honest evolution is religion and not science to the masses who believe in the astronomical possibility for organized chaos without any boundaries or natural laws to govern those boundaries. Tell me how many evidences are there for spontaneous generation? That is right absolutely none and it is a disproved theory. But if evolution of that type did exist there should be some evidence. Does gravity not work the same way in every observable part of our world, solar system, or observed universe? So that is more science than guessing with only 10% or less of the observable information. How about mathematics does the answer ever change to the simple rules applied to addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division? If it did we could not depend on our science at all...it would be based on a guess not a repeatable result.

You assume I do not believe in some form of evolution and that is not true. I believe we are seeing mutation all the time and that is evolution. However there are no proven mutations in recorded history that have become a new Genus. This is where the evolutionary tree is rotten to the core and falls on its own weight. New species is another animal all together. Look at all the designer Clownish that are available today that never existed in the wild. Look at the designer Guppies as another example. Ever witness a cross between a monkey and a fish? I know a Monk-fish right? They are quite tasty with lobster butter too.

You also assume that the bible and all organized religion teaches the earth is 6000-7000 years old. That is false period. The bible is silent on the time between creation and the fall of man. No time period is given. Also no time period is given between that and the establishment of cultures that are verified by historical record such as Babylon. There was an attempt to make the genealogy listed in Genesis into a estimated guess as to the approximate age of human activity on the Earth. Again what about the time before creation? Even the bible records something being here before the creation story. So even the record of the bible is silent as to the age of the Earth. Humans made one of those educated assumptions you mentioned above to arrive at that period of time. And like you they depend on faith to make it work. To be honest we do not know how old the Earth or humanity is on the planet. The elements that make up our earth and life forms could be quite old and since the bible is silent on that it is of very little import to the main message contained there. This does not diminish the possibility of God or creation in any way shape or form. We honestly just don't know period. There is a lot in science and religion that is a
mystery. We can agree on that.

The problem with creation is that people don't understand it either just like your claim about evolution. Again you miss the point of no trans-species fossils. In other words there are no fossils crossing Genera. From a fish to a monkey or related. There are fish today that have limbs like the African Lung Fish...so you point is? I have never seen one develop into a dog have you? There is the Platypus but are there any instances of it becoming a duck? Can it mate outside of its species...nope. See the problem I have with macro evolution or single source ancestry? It like spontaneous generation has never been observed or recorded in fossil or historical documents.

Biology, Geology, and Physics only point to man's understanding of the subject. Again not a proof against creation at all. Creation is a possible answer to all these disciplines and could be the result of intelligent design. In fact the laws of probabilities actually favors creation over the randomness needed for single origin evolution. You are advancing dogma not settled science. Because it depends on faith in human interpreters to have gotten the evolutionary tale just right and then goes looking for evidence to support its assumptions. Like the O.J. Simpson trial you want me to accept the fallacy of the assumed premise. There is no creator so only evolution can answer the question. That is just as much a faith based quest as you claim I am on. Science is a development of men to try and describe what they cannot control or completely understand. Kind of sounds like religion to me how about you? It is anything but concrete and settled. If you doubt that take a long hard look at the history of science. It was not to long ago in terms of time that the earth was flat and settled science. In my life time many theories of science have been disproved and replaced with actual results and observation. In my life time the Human Genome was mapped and what was not understood was called "junk DNA" now we call it Epigenetics. None of this disproves or proves creation or evolution as an incontrovertible truth period. It is just two schools of thought as to how we arrive at where we are today. I prefer to believe one that ennobles Humanity as children of the Creator versus a result of accidental slime. Which picture is more ennobling and uplifting? Which one actually portrays us as equals that deserve respect, civility, nurture, and hope of a future? Versus survival of the fittest...the most base, coarse, lie ever perpetrated on the human race. One leads to selfless living and the other to selfish living. I know which one is better in that outcome. I know which area of thought will ensure my children's and your children's survival and it is not survival of the fittest. Let's admit freely that we all choose to believe one way or the other and neither is settled. That is probably the only true agreement we can have on this subject. I will not convince you and you will not convince me. There it is settled.

Now what difference does it make? If I am wrong I have lived my life with a hope for a future and lived a life with respect to others. I have gained a good life. If you are wrong you missed out on the greatest adventure in the universe, living with and meeting someone who can answer all your questions and provided you all you needed to arrive there safe and happy. You will miss out on the actual realization of what love is and what love does. Which one of us has the most to lose? See there is an end to all our experience on earth and we agree no one avoids it. But what if there is something more?

Well said.
 
Per the TOS religious discussions and politics (particularly debating topics related to) are not to be discussed.

I think making statements such as “I am atheist” or “God bless” are fine standalone. Debates on the topic turn ugly fast, by contrast.

This is an interesting discussion I enjoy but I will like to enjoy it elsewhere. Let’s stay on the topic of fish and reef keeping.
 
Per the TOS religious discussions and politics (particularly debating topics related to) are not to be discussed.

I think making statements such as “I am atheist” or “God bless” are fine standalone. Debates on the topic turn ugly fast, by contrast.

This is an interesting discussion I enjoy but I will like to enjoy it elsewhere. Let’s stay on the topic of fish and reef keeping.


I suggest you move this thread to the Lounge then, if you think it is getting ugly. I am happy to discuss the
Holistic Coral Holobiont and could start a reefkeeping thread with that title.
 
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Per the TOS religious discussions and politics (particularly debating topics related to) are not to be discussed.

I think making statements such as “I am atheist” or “God bless” are fine standalone. Debates on the topic turn ugly fast, by contrast.

This is an interesting discussion I enjoy but I will like to enjoy it elsewhere. Let’s stay on the topic of fish and reef keeping.
I suggest you move this thread to the Lounge then, if you think it is getting ugly. I am happy to discuss the
Holistic Coral Holobiont and could start a thread with that title.
It is per ToS. Not just in this sub forum.
 
I suggest you move this thread to the Lounge then, if you think it is getting ugly. I am happy to discuss the
Holistic Coral Holobiont and could start a reefkeeping thread with that title.
Let’s just stay on topic. This is a relevant topic should we stay on topic.
 
This is a good return to subject matter.
With new technology, maping is becoming possible. Crosstalk between coral & bacteria is perhaps the largest focus at this time.

Algae has learned how to change DNA expression to either harm coral or taste bad to fish, perhaps @Scrubber_steve can shed some light on that.

There are many links here. Research is emerging.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=holistic+coral+holobiont&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart
Ok, so this research brings in funding, & the bigger the percieved problem the more money you get. ;Greedy
Algae alleopathy destroying coral reefs :eek:, only those reefs affected by external forces ;Bookworm , pulls at the hearts strings.
Much of the scientific conclusions obtained in >> The Lab << fail to extrapolate onto the natural reef, rendering those conclusion irrelevant.

In any case, everything in the ocean exudes substances that are toxic to {some} other things. This is well known already, especially with soft corals, but it also applies to acropora coral.
The strongest anecdotal evidence I have of my ulva affecting other organisms in my system, is, to other macro algae. This is also already well known, & is why my scrubber eliminated all other macro algae that existed in my tank prior to the scrubber's growth screen maturity, except for coralline algae.

upload_2018-12-12_13-58-33.jpeg
 
A micro biologist friend coined the phrase, “microbial overlords” to emphasize the importance of the microbial loop in a marine enviroment. Tom Cruise needed the bugs to defeat the Martians in
“War of the Worlds.


https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00227-017-3097-x

[Microbial indicators as a diagnostic tool for assessing water quality and climate stress in coral reef ecosystems]

Abstract


(Microorganisms play a fundamental role in the functioning and stability of coral reef ecosystems. However, environmental disturbances can trigger alterations to the natural microbial community composition and their functional traits with potentially detrimental consequences for host organisms, such as corals, sponges and algae and concomitant implications for the entire coral reef ecosystem. Coral reefs are increasingly affected by localized impacts such as declining water quality and global pressures derived from human-induced climate change, which severely alters the natural conditions on reefs and can push dominating benthic life forms towards the limit of their resistance and resilience. Microorganisms can respond very rapidly to these altered environmental conditions so defining their natural variability over spatial and temporal gradients is critical for early and accurate identification of environmental disturbances. The rapid response of microbes to environmental change is likely to confer significant advantages over traditional reef monitoring methods, which are based on visual signs of health deterioration in benthic coral reef macroorganisms. This review discusses the potential of microbes as early warning indicators for environmental stress and coral reef health and proposes priorities for future research.)
 
Coral reefs are increasingly affected by localized impacts such as declining water quality and global pressures derived from human-induced climate change, which severely alters the natural conditions on reefs and can push dominating benthic life forms towards the limit of their resistance and resilience. Microorganisms can respond very rapidly to these altered environmental conditions so defining their natural variability over spatial and temporal gradients is critical for early and accurate identification of environmental disturbances. The rapid response of microbes to environmental change is likely to confer significant advantages over traditional reef monitoring methods, which are based on visual signs of health deterioration in benthic coral reef macroorganisms. This review discusses the potential of microbes as early warning indicators for environmental stress and coral reef health and proposes priorities for future research.)
I stop reading right there brother!
 
As you said, research money goes to the hot topics. What was your reason to stop reading?
Not interested in reading anything that invokes a theory as fact, & thus the cause of something. >>> "and global pressures derived from [human-induced climate change"]
 
Not interested in reading anything that invokes a theory as fact, & thus the cause of something. >>> "and global pressures derived from [human-induced climate change"]
Not interested in reading anything that invokes a theory as fact, & thus the cause of something. >>> "and global pressures derived from [human-induced climate change"]

I agree that climate change due to man’s impact is a theory at best. Earth’s early athmosphere was influenced by volcanoes which still effect the weather today.
 
A new word for the marine dictionary: Sociomicrobiology

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966842X040026

Sociomicrobiology: the connections between quorum sensing and biofilms
Author links open overlay panelMatthew R.ParsekE.P.Greenberg
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2004.11.007Get rights and content

In the past decade, significant debate has surrounded the relative contributions of genetic determinants versus environmental conditions to certain types of human behavior. While this debate goes on, it is with a certain degree of irony that microbiologists studying aspects of bacterial community behavior face the same questions. Information regarding two social phenomena exhibited by bacteria, quorum sensing and biofilm development, is reviewed here. These two topics have been inextricably linked, possibly because biofilms and quorum sensing represent two areas in which microbiologists focus on social aspects of bacteria. We will examine what is known about this linkage and discuss areas that might be developed. In addition, we believe that these two aspects of bacterial behavior represent a small part of the social repertoire of bacteria. Bacteria exhibit many social activities and they represent a model for dissecting social behavior at the genetic level. Therefore, we introduce the term ‘sociomicrobiology’.
 
So,bacteria have learned deception to confuse pathogens

Exploiting Quorum Sensing To Confuse Bacterial Pathogens

Breah LaSarre, Michael J. Federle

DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.00046-12

SUMMARY
Cell-cell communication, or quorum sensing, is a widespread phenomenon in bacteria that is used to coordinate gene expression among local populations. Its use by bacterial pathogens to regulate genes that promote invasion, defense, and spread has been particularly well documented. With the ongoing emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, there is a current need for development of alternative therapeutic strategies. An antivirulence approach by which quorum sensing is impeded has caught on as a viable means to manipulate bacterial processes, especially pathogenic traits that are harmful to human and animal health and agricultural productivity. The identification and development of chemical compounds and enzymes that facilitate quorum-sensing inhibition (QSI) by targeting signaling molecules, signal biogenesis, or signal detection are reviewed here. Overall, the evidence suggests that QSI therapy may be efficacious against some, but not necessarily all, bacterial pathogens, and several failures and ongoing concerns that may steer future studies in productive directions are discussed. Nevertheless, various QSI successes have rightfully perpetuated excitement surrounding new potential therapies, and this review highlights promising QSI leads in disrupting pathogenesis in both plants and animals.
 

IF YOU HAD TO TAKE A REEFING EXAM, WOULD YOU PASS?

  • Yes!

    Votes: 32 45.7%
  • Not yet, but I have one that I want to buy in mind!

    Votes: 9 12.9%
  • No.

    Votes: 26 37.1%
  • Other (please explain).

    Votes: 3 4.3%
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