a) The clam was alive and apparently healthy just yesterday. I've had it for about 3 years, but as soon as I noticed it wasn't expanding I immediately sacrificed it because this was my second case.
b) The first time this happened to me, I found stars on the shell of the first victim, but didn't put 2 and 2 together
c) Read the ReefKeeping article. There are many species of asterina. Not all are reef safe.
d) The OP is one of many posts similar in nature both here and on RC
Is the evidence circumstantial? Yes. Can I "prove" the theory that some asterinas eat clams? No. But, tell you what I'm gonna do. I'm gonna take out my surviving clams. Buy 6 Bumble Bee shrimp. Wait 'til I don't see any stars and re-introduce my clams. Then in a few years if the clams are fine I'll have a little more proof. After 20 years of reef keeping I've learned nothing good happens fast in an aquarium and sometimes it takes years to see results.
Just for perspective here's my tank at it's zenith about 7 years ago . . .