Having read through this, you have covered most/all of the bases. It is a little puzzling in that your tester pieces are generally on the more hardy side. Were these funky new tenuis or smooth skin acros my conclusion would be simple: an immature, non-diverse biome.
kinda leaves me with two theories:
a) parameter environment that is just different enough from their prior environment to compromise health
b) immature biome
Easy to confirm the first. Aside from aquabiomics, we don't have easy ways to test for bacterial diversity, but Aquabiomics is akin to "hiring a scientist to figure it out" that you spoke of.
I would be sumping some more ocean rock. KP Aquatics, IPSF mud/sand, Tampa Bay, gulfliverock.