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22x22The sock should be a filter, like a re-usable baby diaper. When dirty, wash it, when it tears, toss it. Always have a few spares too. Like @monkeyCmonkeyDo said, a down pipe an inch or so below the water will help.
Sponge; looks like a bubble-block sponge between the baffles by return pump. That's what I'd change into an eggcrate media rack.
Heaters.. it depends on when to change them, but I wouldn't trust that one for long use. Growth on it means it's been in there for a bit. Never had luck in the past with plastic style ones on freshwater setups.
Protein skimmer in the section with filter sock.
Yeah, a hang on refugium. If that soda ash bottle is your standard 1 gallon jug (5.8in? square), you have a few options. Fiji's for example is 5in, CPR 4.5in..
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A few q's
What are the dimensions of the sump space in the cabinet?
Dimensions of the sump?
Sump current water height (by the sock)?
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