Just want to add a little something about these bacteria in a bottle products. First thing you always want to do is look at the expiration date on the bottle, as live nitrifying bacteria obviously does have a shelf life. Secondly, you want to shut off your HOB (or canister) before pouring the live bacteria into it. For at least an hour or two. This will allow the bacteria time to find the bio-media, which must be present inside the HOB/canister in some form for the bacteria to colonize. Thirdly, it is best not to add any meds to the water for at least a few days (longer is always better) after you've poured the live bacteria in. Most meds, like copper, will kill off at least some of the bacteria. But if you give the bacteria enough time to colonize and begin propagation, the survivors will bounce back relatively quickly and spread.
