The life of the membrane depends on several things. A high quality, low micron prefilter and carbon block are at the top of the list, their sole purpose is to protect the membrane so it can do its job of removing TDS. One item often overlooked though is the waste ratio of the unit. Many vendors, resellers and manufacturers often include non adjustable type flow restrictors which is a lousy idea since we all know our water conditions are not all the same. Many restrictors are mis sized so you either waste too much causing a pressure drop at the membrane leading to lower production and lower efficiency or they do not waste enough which gives the membrane more pressure and higher efficiency but sacrificing the membranes lifespan. A capillary tube type flow restrictor you take the time to trim for your exact water conditions is about $5.
Everyone needs to check their waste ratio time to time to ensure it is at least 3.5:1 and prefferably 4:1 to keep the membrane flushed and fresh.
Other factors are your usage patterns, long filter runs are far better than short spurts so the membrane gets a chance to flush itself. Colder water actually treats better than warm water and any water over 113 degrees will melt a membrane in a heartbeat. Water pressure is also a big factor as Melev stated, membranes like pressure, up to 100 psi is great and its really the housings and fittings that are the limiting factor as the membarne can go much higher than that. I run my booster at 100 psi always.
Don't just buy name brand filters, make sure they are the correct micron ranges too, a 10 micron prefilter may be as effective as a screen door when it comes to particulates and colloidal materials causing the carbon block to foul or plug which in turn passes chlorine on to the RO membrane melting it in a matter of days.
When I used the Typhoon III standard filters I could only get 18 months out of a membrane.
Once I wised up and went to lower micron, absolute rated filters my membranes are still fresh after 3 years and I fully expect 7-10 years of heavy use with no degredation here in Phoenix with a tap TDS over 800 most of te time. My RO only TDS is 5-6 and thats a 99.35% rejection rate still after three years on the present system. Randy Holmes Farley recently reported 10 years out of the same membrane by using high quality filters and replacing them as recommended.
Just because you just purchased the resin does not mean it is fresh. Many companies sell resin tha thas been sitting on a shelf somewhere and even properly vacuum packed damp resin has a shelf life of about 6 months when kept sealed in the refrigerator.
If your RO only TDS is 40 then you definitely have membrane issues. If the DI is still 38 then its not doing anything either. A good membrane should give you 96-98% rejection or removal efficiency at the proper pressure and water temperature.