This question of the three or four methods of reducing N and P while gaining beneficial bacteria to the tanks health I would think would depend a lot on the size tank your dealing with. Small and medium tanks could do anything but large tanks can't unless your going to supply gallons of vinegar vodka or sugar dosing. I did all of these and ended up with Biopellets since it was easier than dosing carbon in large amounts and I am very happy with the results. I can adjust flow and speed of the tumble which is the key to a great reactor. Just my 2 cents fwiw.